![]() Under King Alfred the Great, ⟨þ⟩ grew greatly in popularity and started to overtake ⟨ð⟩. Another source indicates that the letter is "derived from Irish writing". A study of Mercian royal diplomas found that ⟨ð⟩ (along with ⟨ đ⟩) began to emerge in the early 8th century, with ⟨ð⟩ becoming strongly preferred by the 780s. ![]() Neither ⟨ð⟩ nor ⟨þ⟩ was found in the earliest records of Old English. Unlike the runic letter ⟨ þ⟩, ⟨ð⟩ is a modified Roman letter. In Old English, ⟨ð⟩ (called ðæt) was used interchangeably with ⟨ þ⟩ to represent the Old English dental fricative phoneme / θ/ or its allophone / ð/, which exist in modern English phonology as the voiced and voiceless dental fricatives both now spelled ⟨ th⟩. The lowercase version has been adopted to represent a voiced dental fricative in the International Phonetic Alphabet. ![]() It was also used in Scandinavia during the Middle Ages, but was subsequently replaced with ⟨ dh⟩, and later ⟨ d⟩. Eth ( / ɛ ð/, uppercase: Ð, lowercase: ð also spelled edh or eð), known as ðæt in Old English, is a letter used in Old English, Middle English, Icelandic, Faroese (in which it is called edd), Khmer and Elfdalian. ![]()
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